Macroeconomic Factors Influencing Market Capitalization of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)

Authors

  • Muhammad Zubair Saeed National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore Sub-Campus Multan.
  • Sobia Sultana M.B.A Finance, Department of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Sub Campus Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Zujaj Ahmed Lecturer & Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Sub Campus Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad Talha Aziz M.Phil. Economics, Department of Economics, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Kainat Fatima M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Economics, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56976/rjsi.v5i2.102

Abstract

Stock exchanges worldwide are discovering the best possible outcomes that can increase trading options in financial assets for potential investors. The principal purpose of the study is to provide an efficient and stable picture of market capitalization of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with various macroeconomic variables, which can be helpful to local and foreign investors. The study analyzed the secondary data from 1992 to 2021. Based on the theoretical background, various diagnostics were applied, precisely (ARDL) Autoregressive Distributed Lag methodology. Empirical outcomes confirmed that hypotheses regarding (FPE) Foreign Portfolio Equity, Inflation, (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment, and (GFCF) Gross Fixed Capital Formation affect market capitalization of PSX with significant positive behavior. Only Exchange Rate has significant negative relationship with PSX market capitalization. This study suggests that PSX-listed companies and policymakers require significant attention to improve their operations and increase the market capitalization of firms to catch the capital from potential investors. The government should watch the exchange rate and inflation-controlling factors for the sustainable development of Pakistan in the long run. However, this study has various limitations, such as limited time, resources, and specific data.

References

Azeem, A., Naseem, M. A., Hassan, N. U., Butt, I., Aslam, M. T., Ali, S., & Jadoon, A. K. (2023). A novel lens of stock market capitalization and environmental degradation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5), 11431-11442.

Aduda, J., Masila, J. M., & Onsongo, E. N. (2012). The determinants of stock market development: The case for the Nairobi Stock Exchange. International journal of humanities and social science, 2(9), 214-230.

Abdelbaki, H. H. (2013). Causality relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market development: Evidence from Bahrain. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 7(1), 69-84.

Altan İM, Alvan A, Aslan L, Aydin Ü, Berk C, Bilik M et al (2021) Financial systems, central banking and monetary policy during COVID-19 pandemic and after. Rowman & Littlefield.

Azeez, B. A., & Obalade, A. A. (2018). Macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in Nigeria:(1981-2017). Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 15(1), 24-39.

Bai L, Wei Y, Wei G, Li X, Zhang S (2021). Infectious disease pandemic and permanent volatility of international stock markets: a long-term perspective. Financ Res Lett 40:101709

Belloumi, M. (2014). The relationship between trade, FDI and economic growth in Tunisia: An application of the autoregressive distributed lag model. Economic systems, 38(2), 269-287.

Chandio, A. A., Jiang, Y., Rauf, A., Ahmad, F., Amin, W., & Shehzad, K. (2020). Assessment of formal credit and climate change impact on agricultural production in Pakistan: a time series ARDL modeling approach. Sustainability, 12(13), 5241-5262.

Chen, J. (2020). Free Float Methodology & How to Calculate Market Capitalization. Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freefloatmethodology.asp.

Chen, Nai-Fu, Roll, Richard, Ross, Stephen A. (1986): Economic forces and the stock market. The Journal of Business.University of Chicago Press. 1986;59(3):383-403.

Chiad, Faycal. Hadj, Sahraoui. and Hamoudi (2022): Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Development: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis: Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Development: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis. Published in: New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management , 4, 59-81.

Destek, M. A., Sohag, K., Aydın, S., & Destek, G. (2023). Foreign direct investment, stock market capitalization, and sustainable development: relative impacts of domestic and foreign capital. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11), 28903-28915.

Ho, S. Y. (2019). Macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in South Africa. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(2), 322-342.

Hussain, M. A., Adnan, M., Saeed, M. Z., & Zafar, A. (2021). Economic growth, capital structure, and oil & gas regulatory authority (OGRA). Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(11),55-69.

Igoni, S., Ogiri, I. H., & Orlu, L. (2020). Perceived macroeconomic factors and stock market capitalization: experience from the Nigerian economy perspective. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 7(1), 105-114.

Investopedia. (2021). What Are Capital Markets, and How Do They Work? Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitalmarkets.asp.

Levine, Ross, Zervos, Sara (1998): Stock markets, banks, and economic growth. American Economic Review. American Economic Association.88(3):537-558.

Kuvshinov, D., & Zimmermann, K. (2022). The big bang: Stock market capitalization in the long run. Journal of Financial Economics, 145(2), 527-552.

Malkiel, B. G. (2005). Reflections on the efficient market hypothesis: 30 years later. Financial Review, 40(1), 1-9.

Malkiel, Burton G. "Efficient market hypothesis." Finance (1989): 127-134.

Maverick, J. B. (2021, May 4). Market Capitalization vs. Equity: What's the Difference? Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/122314/what-difference-betweenmarket- capitalization-and-equity.asp#:~:text=Key Takeaways-, Market capitalization is the total dollar value of all outstanding, picture of a company's worth.

McKinnon Ronald I. Money and capital in economic development. Washington D.C. : Brookings Institution; 1973.

Misati RN. Liberalization. Stock market development and investment efficiency in Africa. International Review of Business Research Papers. 2007;3(4):183–191.

Murinde, V. (2012): Financial development and economic growth: Global and African evidence. Journal of African Economics. 2012;21(2):10-56.

Murshed, M. (2021). LPG consumption and environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in South Asia: a time-series ARDL analysis with multiple structural breaks. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(7), 8337-8372.

Nkoro, E., & Uko, A. K. (2016). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique: application and interpretation. Journal of Statistical and Econometric methods, 5(4), 63-91.

Omodero, C. O. (2020). Capital market determinants and market capitalization in Nigeria. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(1), 462-473.

Odhiambo, N. M. (2009). Energy consumption and economic growth nexus in Tanzania: An ARDL bounds testing approach. Energy policy, 37(2), 617-622.

Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.

Pakistan Market Cap: PSX: All Shares | Economic Indicators | CEIC". www.ceicdata.com Retrieved 24 February 2022.

Pakistan Market Cap: | Economic Indicators | CEIC". https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/pakistan/market-capitalization Retrieved 06 June 2023.

Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX):| Data Portal | https://dps.psx.com.pk/ Retrieved 07 June 2023.

Raza, S. A., Mansoor, M., & Iraqi, K. M. (2019). Influence of Investor Sentiments on Stock Market Capitalization of Different Economic Sectors in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Finance and Economics Research, 4(1), 31-43.

Sarkodie, S. A., & Owusu, P. A. (2020). How to apply the novel dynamic ARDL simulations (dynardl) and Kernel-based regularized least squares (krls). MethodsX, 7, 101160.

Shehzad, A., Qureshi, S. F., Saeed, M. Z., & Ali, S. (2022). The impact of financial risk attitude on objective-oriented investment behavior. International Journal of Financial Engineering, 2250022.

Ho, S. Y., & Odhiambo, N. M. (2018). Analysing the macroeconomic drivers of stock market development in the Philippines. Cogent Economics & Finance, 6(1), 1451265.

Wang, H. (2022). Role of environmental degradation and energy use for agricultural economic growth: Sustainable implications based on ARDL estimation. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 25, 102028.

Yen, G., & Lee, C. F. (2008). Efficient market hypothesis (EMH): past, present and future. Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies, 11(02), 305-329.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-30

How to Cite

Saeed, M. Z., Sultana, S., Ahmed, Z., Aziz, M. T., & Fatima, K. (2023). Macroeconomic Factors Influencing Market Capitalization of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Research Journal for Societal Issues, 5(2), 303–317. https://doi.org/10.56976/rjsi.v5i2.102

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)